In 641, after marrying Princess Wencheng, Songtsen Gampo decided to build a grand palace to accommodate her and let his descendants remember the event. The monastery-like palace, reclining against and capping Red Hill, was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palace of Dalai Lamas. The palace is more than 117 meters (384 feet) in height and 360 (1180 feet) in width, occupying a building space of 90 thousand square meters. Potala is composed of White Palace and Red Palace. The former is for secular use while the later is for religious.
The White Palace consists of offices, dormitories, a Buddhist official seminary and a printing house.The Red Palace was constructed after the death of the Fifth Dalai Lama. The center of the complicated Red Palace is the Great West Hall, which records the Great Fifth Dalai Lama's life by its fine murals. The scene of his visit to Emperor Shunzhi in Beijing in 1652 is extraordinarily vivid. It also has finely carved columns and brackets. The hall has four additional chapels.Dharma Cave and the Saint's Chapel are the only structures left which were built in seventh century. They both lie central of the Red Palace. Dharma Cave is said to be the place where King Songtsen Gampo proceeded his religious cultivation.
布达拉宫始建于公元7世纪，是藏王松赞干布为远嫁西藏的唐朝文成公主而建。在拉萨海拔3,700多米的红山上建造了999间房屋的宫宇－－布达拉宫。宫堡依山而建，现占地41万平方米，建筑面积13万平方米，宫体主楼13层,高115米,全部为石木结构，5座宫顶覆盖镏金铜瓦，金光灿烂，气势雄伟，是藏族古建筑艺术的精华。被誉为高原圣殿。
宫殿的设计和建造根据高原地区阳光照射的规律，墙基宽而坚固，墙基下面有四通八达的地道和通风口。屋内有柱、斗拱、雀替、梁、椽木等，组成撑架。铺地和盖屋顶用的是叫“阿尔嘎”的硬土，各大厅和寝室的顶部都有天窗，便于采光，调解空气。宫内的柱梁上有各种雕刻，墙壁上的彩色壁画面积有2,500多平方米。宫宇叠砌，迂回曲折，同山体有机地融合，这是布达拉宫给人最为直接的感受。其外观有13层，自山脚向上，直至山顶。整体建筑主要由东部的白宫(达赖喇嘛居住的部分)，中部的红宫(佛殿及历代达赖喇嘛灵塔殿)及西部白色的僧房(为达赖喇嘛服务的亲信喇嘛居住)组成。在红宫前还有一片白色的墙面为晒佛台，这是每当佛教节庆之日，用以悬挂大幅佛像的地方。
在人们心中，这座凝结藏族劳动人民智慧又目睹汉藏文化交流的古建筑群，已经以其辉煌的雄姿和藏传佛教圣地的地位绝对地成为了藏民族的象徵。1994年12月初，西藏拉萨布达拉宫被列入《世界遗产名录》。
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